Polyglot CheatSheet - Type Conversions

Last Updated: 2023-07-19

Number to String

Java

To Decimal String

int i;

// append to an empty String
String s = "" + i;

// use String.valueOf
String s = String.valueOf(i);

// use <Number class>.toString();
Integer.toString(i);

Integer i;
String s = i.toString();

To Hex String

Integer.toHexString(20320);
// 4f60

To Binary String

Integer.toBinaryString(8);
// 1000

To Octal String

Integer.toOctalString(8);
// 10

String to Number

Java

// To Float
Float f = Float.valueOf(str);

// To primitive
float f = (Float.valueOf(str)).floatValue();

JavaScript

parseInt(str);
parseFloat(str);

PHP/Hack

$num = (int)$str;

String to List

Python

>>> '9'.split()
['9']

String to Char Array

Java

String str = "someString";
char[] charArray = str.toCharArray();

Join Array/List As String

Java

Join array:

String[] names = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
System.out.println(String.join(",", names));
//a,b,c

Join List:

List<String> names = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(String.join(",", names));
//a,b,c

Manipulate list before joining:

List<String> names = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
String joined = names.stream()
        .map(String::toUpperCase)
        .collect(Collectors.joining(","));
System.out.println(joined);
//A,B,C

Bytes and Integer

Python: bytes and int

int to bytes

>>> d = bytes([65, 66, 67])
>>> d
b'ABC'

bytes to int

>>> list(b'ABC')
[65, 66, 67]

or

>>> b'ABC'[0]
65
>>> b'ABC'[1]
66
>>> b'ABC'[2]
67

Bytes and Hex

Python: bytes and hex

Use .fromhex() and .hex()

>>> hex(ord('A'))
'0x41'
>>> bytes.fromhex('41')
b'A'
>>> bytes.fromhex('41 42')
b'AB'
>>> bytes.fromhex('41 4243')
b'ABC'
>>> bytes.fromhex('414243')
b'ABC'

another example:

>>> str = "89 50 4e 47 0d 0a 1a 0a 00 00 00 0d 49 48 44 52 00 00"
>>> str
'89 50 4e 47 0d 0a 1a 0a 00 00 00 0d 49 48 44 52 00 00'
>>> bytes.fromhex(str)
b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n\x00\x00\x00\rIHDR\x00\x00'

bytes to hex

>>> bytes([65, 66, 67])
b'ABC'
>>> bytes([65, 66, 67]).hex()
'414243'

String and Bytes

Go

myString := string(myBytes[:])

Python: str and bytes

Use .encode() and .decode()

>>> 'ABC'.encode()
b'ABC'
>>> b'ABC'.decode()
'ABC'

Number to Enum

C++

auto foo_enum = static_cast<Foo>(foo_number);