RFC 1918 Private Networks IP Address Ranges
Assigned by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
| Class |
IP Range |
| Class A |
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 |
| Class B |
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 |
| Class C |
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 |
Layers and Protocols
| Layer |
Name |
Protocols / Usage / Devices |
| Layer 7 |
Application Layer |
HTTP, FTP, BGP, SNMP |
| Layer 6 |
Presentation Layer |
|
| Layer 5 |
Session Layer |
SOCKS, Gateway |
| Layer 4 |
Transport Layer |
TCP, UDP |
| Layer 3 |
Network Layer |
IP, ICMP, Layer 3 Switch |
| Layer 2 |
Data Link Layer |
Switch, Bridge, MAC, LLC, PPP |
| Layer 1 |
Physical Layer |
Hub |
Subnet masks and IP addresses
| Mask |
IP addresses |
Hosts |
Netmask |
| /31 |
2 |
2 |
255.255.255.254 |
| /30 |
4 |
2 |
255.255.255.252 |
| /29 |
8 |
6 |
255.255.255.248 |
| /28 |
16 |
14 |
255.255.255.240 |
| /27 |
32 |
30 |
255.255.255.224 |
| /26 |
64 |
62 |
255.255.255.192 |
| /25 |
128 |
126 |
255.255.255.128 |
| /24 |
256 |
254 |
255.255.255.0 |
| /23 |
512 |
510 |
255.255.254.0 |
| /22 |
1024 |
1022 |
255.255.252.0 |
| /21 |
2048 |
2046 |
255.255.248.0 |
| /20 |
4096 |
4094 |
255.255.240.0 |
| /19 |
8192 |
8190 |
255.255.224.0 |
| /18 |
16384 |
16382 |
255.255.192.0 |
| /17 |
32768 |
32766 |
255.255.128.0 |
| /16 |
65536 |
65534 |
255.255.0.0 |
