Web
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) is the standards organization for WWW. Most of the familiar terms - HTML, CSS, JavaScript (Web APIs), WebAssembly - are W3C recommendations (REC). Check the full list on the official website.
Both JavaScript and WebAssembly are running in browsers, but JavaScript is a scripting language without pre-compilation, while WebAssembly is binary and pre-compiled from any LLVM supported languages like C++, D, or Rust.
Google's Guide
https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/
Web Browsers
Market share: Chrome > Safari > Edge > Firefox
Browser Engines / Layout Engines / Render Engines
To transform HTMLs and other resources into an interactive visual representation on a user's device.
- Blink: used by Chrome, forked from WebKit's WebCore component.
- WebKit: used by Safari, forked from KHTML
- Gecko: used by Firefox
- KHTML: from KDE. Not active.
JavaScript Engines
To execute JavaScript code.
- V8: used by Chrome, Node.js and Deno.
- Spider Monkey: used by Firefox.
- JavaScriptCore: used by Safari.
Browser Support
The web platform is constantly evolving, some features are promising however may not yet be ready. To check if a (JavaScript / CSS) feature is ready to use: http://caniuse.com/
Cookie
JavaScript:
document.cookie;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie
Sent from a website and stored on the user's computer by the user's web browser. Designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember stateful information, or to record the user's browsing activity.
Web servers can know whether the user is logged in or not, and which account they are logged in with.
Same Origin Policy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-origin_policy: a web browser permits scripts contained in a first web page to access data in a second web page, but only if both web pages have the same origin.
To enable cross origin: CORS